Truth is, financial literacy is considered as taboo and many people are struggling between demonstrating a firm grasp of financial principles and the lack of it. Oftentimes, the lack of understanding in this sector beckons monetary and investing problems and in our society, it is unfortunate that people don’t learn until they hit rock bottom.
In this article, we talk about 10 timeless tips to improve one’s financial stability. Study the options appealing to you and align it with your goals towards financial freedom:
1. SET GOALS
Put all of your financial goals on a paper. Draw a line to divide the paper in to two. Write NEEDS on the left and WANTS on the right. Before buying your wants you must need to accomplish your Needs. Even if it takes you time to come up with the difference between these two, just working towards your goal is empowering and will put you in charge of your financial evaluation and solution.
2. START RECORDING YOUR FINANCES
Record your cash inflows and outflows. If your outflows are bigger compare to your inflows, you need to cut your spending habits or find another source of income.
3. MAKE MONEY IN YOUR SPARE TIME
This is one of the best ways to improve your finances. Instead of putting your remaining time in sleeping why don’t you use half of it for a part-time job or business?
4. DISPOSE YOUR OLD OR UNUSED STUFF
If you have your old clothes, gadgets or any stuff that no longer serves you, sell it. Dispose your stuff by means of selling it while they still have value. Don’t wait them to be fully depreciated.
5. GET RID OF CREDIT CARD
Debt is a trap. No one likes living with a credit card debt to worry on a monthly basis. If you know that having an open credit is too much temptation for you, then by all means, cancel it.
6. EMERGENCY FUNDS
Build up your emergency budget because this will help you during your rainy days. A plan of saving up for emergency needs is your best foot forward when crises arise and you need to dip into your funds.
7. KEEP YOUR CORE EXPENSES LOW
No matter what you are or what you do, stay grounded and keep your expenses low. Evaluate your monthly payments and have some tweaks on budgeting from time to time. The idea is to keep an eye on your cash and be financially flexible as possible.
8. DELAYED GRATIFICATION
Improve your self-control on those stuff that are not necessary to begin with. Avoid to live in a pursuit of immediate pleasure. Delaying gratification ultimately helps you achieve your long-term goals faster.
9. TAKE BIGGER RISK
Find the courage to take risks. High risk equals more return. It is sometimes necessary to place yourself in a more secure position rather than be safe and do nothing at all.
10. SAVINGS AND INVESTMENTS
This is the last but definitely the most important part. Focus on savings and investing your hard earned money as early as possible. Build a strong financial foundation by knowing the importance of savings as part of your monthly budget and develop a habit of investing your money. Diversify and manage your investments right.
As you go through these suggestions, remember to take your time.
You don’t need to rush to each and every process of your financial journey.
Every step you take in your planning and structuring of goals is critical to your ultimate financial success.
The strongest emotions every person could ever have are fear and greed and it is responsible for burning all the possible profits of a trader.
Yesterday’s Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) closed at 6,884.38 or down by 116.76 points which caused panic and breakdown of some traders who do not have a common trait that all successful people share – RISK MANAGEMENT.
Trading without proper Risk Management can wash away all your hard-earned money or on lighter cases, extreme paper loss in your portfolio and it will leave you with a bad disposition and less confidence. You have to realize that before you trade in the stock market, you should have the following risk management traits every trader should have to protect your trading plan and support your strategy:
1. DUE DILIGENCE
Some of the traders are gaining profit because they are trading what is trending or active for the day – we call it as trend following in the world of stock market. Trend following or trend trading is a strategy which tries to take advantage of any short, medium or long-term moves that play out in various markets. But this kind of technique is risky if you do not have the proper knowledge and trading skills in the first place. It may sound like a broken record, but due diligence will allow you to gain essential information and vet out a possible new investment. As a responsible trader, you may want to follow these steps to give you a balanced overview of the pros and cons of your stock pick, and allow you to make a rational and logical decision:
Read disclosures of the company from PSE Edge
Be updated about the company’s latest news
Monitor Financial Statements and Balance Sheets and asses Valuation Multiples
Observe Management and Share Ownership changes
Watch and learn from the Stock Price History
2. STOP LOSS
Don’t let your emotions overcome your decision. This is one of the problems of some of the traders and probably the most important aspect of risk management. “What if the market goes up?”, ”It’s a loss why I would sell it?”, “I lost a lot and I can’t go back now” – these are just some of the questions that traders are asking. A disciplined mind is very critical and having a stop loss let’s you take a manageable loss as compared to bigger ones. Limit the losses before it goes deeper. It lets you live to fight another day.
3. PROFIT TAKING
If you feeling greedy during your stock plays, the possibility of losing your supposed-to-be gains are at 100%. Why? Because you’re so eager to have a higher profit. It is like playing in the casino. When you won, that covetous part of human nature will tell you to stay for one more round and instead of taking home your gains, you play even more and hope that you will win over the coming games but often times, it will only bring you back to where you started – at zero profit standpoint. How to prevent this scenario? Set your take-profit (TP) order and don’t trade with your emotions. Trade with your head, not your heart.
4. POSITION SIZING
Position sizing is a part of your trading system that covers “how much” you wanted to trade at a particular time or scenario and determine the part of your overall account value that you will allocate to one trade. This system lets you not over-bet or under bet on a trade. It is essential to risk a certain percentage of your account on each trade. Never ever gamble more than you initially wanted to risk. It’s a matter of discipline that values your capital preservation.
5. EMOTIONAL CONTROL
When trading, the last thing you would ever associate with is human emotions. It is without a doubt this is the final component of our risk management traits and must be discussed. Simply put, if you don’t control your emotions every time you trade, then I assure you that you will do something that you might regret for the rest of your life and worst case scenario – wipe away all your equity.
According to financial columnist Jason Zweig, “Many of the world’s best investors have mastered the art of treating their own feelings as reverse indicators,” and we can only hope that you apply this too to protect yourself from sinking the edge. You need to know what are your own biases and shortcomings so that you can learn to avoid them.
Life is going to be difficult at times especially during the bear market, but is it really that bad? Maybe we could think about it the other way – it is the challenges we face that make us grow.
Take life head-on and gear up with your risk management strategies with confidence because your most significant accomplishments will come from overcoming the tough times ahead.
Lahat na ata ng tao alam ang inflation rate dahil kahit saan makikita mo ang issue ng inflation rate dito sa Pilipinas. TV, Newspaper, Social Media (especially Facebook), Office, Schools and etc. Isa to sa mga major issues sa Pilipinas. Bakit nga ba ito naging issue? 6.7% ang current inflation rate ng Philippines (September 2018). Compare to 2.9% of 2017 it is really high. Ngunit ito na ba ang pinakamataas na inflation rate?
If we will compare the 6.4% inflation rate to 60+% inflation rate in late 1980s is it still bad? Diba, hindi na masama? Kung ganyan pa lang ang ating inflation rate as of today, ano pa ang magiging reaction mo kung ikaw yung nasa kalagayan ng mga tao noong 1980s?
Why our inflation rate is high?
Ang inflation rate ay pinaghalong international and domestic factors. Isa sa mga dahilan kung bakit mataas ang ating inflation rate ay dahil na sa “Oil”. Dahil wala tayong sariling production ng oil, lahat ng oil ay import galing sa ibang bansa at dahil din dito Philippines are forced to import oil. Isa pang factor nito ang “Weak Peso”. At dahil sa lahat ng mga import goods ang pinang babayad natin ay foreign currencies mas mataas ang nagiging cost dahil mahina ang peso. Isa sa mga domestic factor ay ang “Bigas”. But not only rice, by the way. Vegetables, Fish, Sugary Foods, and Corns. There are so many effect of the rapidly rising inflation rate so why don’t we start our own investments. Let us learn to have another source of income so our hard-earned money will not be put into waste because of this issue.
What are the effects of inflation rate to different class Filipinos?
It all affects us especially those who are minimum wage earner. Kung may 100 pesos ka ano na lang ang halaga nito? 93.6 pesos to be exact. What if kung ang sweldo mo ay 20,000 per month, ang halaga na lang nito ay 18,720. Sobrang laking bagay nung nawalang pera sayo ng wala naman pinupuntahan. Pare-parehas lang naman ng effect sa mga Filipino pero iba ang nagiging solution ng mga tao. Bakit ba sa bank nag iinvest ang karamihan sa mga Filipino kahit na ang liit liit na ng interest rate? Takot kasi tayo na magtake ng risk, pero hahayaan mo na lang bang talunin ka ng takot mo? Hindi ka magfoforward kung matatakot ka lagi.
Take the risk!
If hindi ka aalis sa comfort zone mo di ka din magfo-forward? For example ang comfort zone mo ay sa loob ng bahay nyo, bakit ka lumalabas? Hindi ka naman kasi mabubuhay kung di ka magwowork.
So instead of blaming the government why don’t you try to do some actions? TRY TO INVEST? TAKE THAT RISK!
If you will not try you will not know. Walang nag umpisa sa stock market ng hindi nalugi or nagkaron ng loss. If you fail wag matakot sumubok ulit but this time different process na or different strategies. Ang mali kasi satin we keep on expecting different outcomes but still doing the same strategies. We even emphasize the issue about the chili pepper or ‘sili’ na nag-viral recently imbes na maghanap tayo ng paraan paano mao-overcome ang ganitong scenario sa bansa.
Hanggang saan ang kailangan kong maging income para hindi ko na mapansin ang inflation rate? Yan dapat ang way of thinking natin. Dahil sa pag-blame mo sa government nauubos na ang oras mo. Why don’t you use your time in learning the stocks market.
“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.” ~ Albert Einstein
In failures you will learn so much.
Don’t look at the inflation rate as a burden but instead, use it as you inspiration.
Ilang taon na rin ang nakakalipas simula ng magtrabaho ako after graduation. I was a rising employee sabi nga ng boss ko. Dahil Developer tayo, maraming deadlines kaya laging overtime pero siyempre kasama na din diyan ang pakitang gilas. Bibo tayo dati eh! I sacrificed my life pati yung buhay pamilya ko makamit ko lang yung inaasahang promotion at mataas na sweldo.
Gigising ng maaga tapos magbbyahe ng isa o dalawang oras depende pa yan sa traffic, pero minsan kapag minalas ka, sira pa LRT, o di kaya, pang sampung batch ka na bago ka makasakay. Imbes na fresh ka pupunta sa work, mukha kang nalantang gulay at di naligo ng tatlong araw!
Yan ang mga bagay kung bakit madalas na akong mastress sa trabaho, tapos lagi pang nag-aaya sa labas mga tropa ko. Gastos dito, gastos don. Peer pressure! Paulit-ulit na lang ang cycle ng buhay ko at yung mga dapat sana na inipon ko na lang sa bangko, napunta lang sa wala.
Hindi naman ako mayaman, #feelingrich lang. Akala ko kasi, kapag may sweldo ka buwan buwan at konting ipon sa bangko na minsan eh nababawasan pa, okay na.
Ako ang ‘The Living Legend’ ng rat race story ni Robert Kiyosaki.
Alam mo bang dumating na din ako sa punto na na-experience ang tinatawag ng mga henyo na ‘mid-life crisis’, totoo pala yon. May mga hinahanap ako sa buhay na hindi ko na alam kung ano.
Until one day, I accidentally saw my high school friend somewhere in Pasig and with the usual gesture, napa-kape kami sa Starbucks, ako pa nanlibre. (Yamanin diba?) Nagtanong siya kung malaki daw ba sweldo ko. Ang malupit don, he even asked me “Do you know how to invest? Ang stocks hawak mo ngayon?” Natawa ko e, sabi ko “Bro, kape kape lang tayo, walang networking!” Dahil I have zero knowledge when it comes to investing, sinabi ko sa kanya na baka pang-mayaman lang yon. Well of course, I asked a few questions until that questions became a small training with him about investing in Philippine Stock Market.
I was lucky enough to have a friend na dedicated tumulong at ipaintindi sa kin and mundo ng merkado. He taught me how things work, how to start in investing and how to make my money grow. He also taught me how to open my account sa Investagrams so I could practice trading bago sumabak sa totoong laban. Para akong binuhusan ng malamig na tubig dahil sa edad kong to, ngayon ko lang nalaman ang ganitong mga bagay at nagkainteres kung pano i-value ang hard-earned salary ko.
Fast forward today, nagkaron na ng meaning ang buhay ko (Naks, parang Hows of Us moment lang nila Kathniel!). Malaking pagbabago ang nangyari, nabawasan na ang after-work parties, I allocated time to study more about investing in stock market at madalas ko na uli makasama ang pamilya ko. I’m no longer living paycheck to paycheck, and instead of splurging everything, kasama na sa budget ko ang savings and investment.
‘Pay yourself first’ – a cardinal rule to discipline yourself towards your future goals and financial freedom.
Develop the skills and the right mindset necessary.
Yan lang ang dapat mo gawin at paulit ulit na panghawakan, sabi nga nila, don’t give up. Change how you think and you’ll change the results.
Naka-relate ka ba? Kung oo, I hope my story could help to open your eyes and treat this as perfect time to change. Hindi naman mahirap mag-invest, dedikasyon at yung WHYs mo lang ang kailangan mo to shift your mindset and improve your life for the better.
Salamat sa pakikinig kaibigan,
Your Ka-Investa, #AnonymousInvestaTrader
Being profitable in the stock market is not easy as it requires not only your belief, patience, and discipline, but also a great deal of your time to research and adequate understanding of the market, among many others.
Here’s a list of common stock market terminologies that you will inevitably come across in your investing journey. We’ve also added the gist of their definitions to get you ahead as learning these jargons (for newbies) is of extreme importance especially when you are starting out.
The goal here is not to memorize every terminology but use it as a guide to understand each vocabulary so you may take value from it:
GENERAL INVESTING TERMS
Invest – putting your money where it can grow
Stock – a share in the company
Dividends – the amount of money paid by the company to its shareholders
Common Stock – the type of stock that is least prioritized when declaring dividends and mostly profits through price appreciation
Preferred Stock – the type of stock that is first prioritized when declaring dividends
Risk – the potential of either gaining profits or losing your capital
Returns or Rewards – profits earned by investors
Short Term – less than six weeks (may vary)
Medium Term – six weeks to nine months (may vary)
Long Term – more than nine months (may vary)
Investors – people who invest their money with the expectation of gaining returns over a longer timeframe
Traders – people who buy and sell stocks to earn from price growth over a shorter timeframe
Blue-Chip Stocks – stocks of the biggest companies in the country
Growth Stocks – stocks which have high growth potential
Value Stocks – stocks which have low price-to-earnings or P/E ratio
Speculative Stocks – stocks which carry high risk compared to similar stocks
Defensive Stocks – stocks which do not decrease in price immediately, even when the market is down
Penny Stocks – stocks which trade at a very low price
Stock Market – where investors or traders buy and sell company stocks
Stock Market Index – a measurement of the value of the entire stock market or a particular industry in the market
PSEi (aka PSE Composite Index) – the stock market index of Philippine Stock Exchange which consists of top 30 listed companies based on market capitalization
Industry Index – the index of a group of companies which are classified based on their business activities (i.e. Financial, Holdings, Industries, Mining & Oil, Properties, Services)
Bullish – used to describe a particular stock market or stock when its value is going up
Bearish – used to describe a particular stock market or stock when its value is going down
Initial Public Offering (IPO) – when firms are selling their company shares for the first time in the public to raise capital
Market Value – the value at which a stock can be sold in the market at a specific point in time
Unrealized P/L – profits or losses which have not yet been converted to cash because the investor has not sold the stock
Buying Power – the available money an investor has in his account for buying stocks
Buy Order – a request made by an investor when he or she wants to buy stocks
Sell Order – a request made by an investor when he or she wants to sell stocks
Volume – number of shares bought and sold in a particular day
Bid – the prices at which the buyers want to buy a particular stock
Ask – the prices at which the sellers want to sell a particular stock
Bid-Ask Spread – the price difference between the bid and the ask
Trade – made when the bid and ask price have matched
Brokers – firms or individuals who are licensed to execute the buy and sell orders in exchange for a commission fee
Portfolio – a group of financial assets such as stocks held by the investor
Average Cost/Price – the total price at which you bought a group of shares plus the commission fees, divided by the total number of shares
Shares – units of capitalization that represent part-ownership of a company (i.e. buying 1 share means you contributed capital to the company and therefore own an equivalent portion of it)
Board Lot – the standardized minimum and multiple number of shares to be traded for a particular stock, depends per price range
Cash Dividends – dividends given in the form of cash
Stock Dividends – dividends given in the form of additional shares
Profits/Gains – the amount that an investor earns when he sells stocks at a price higher than his average costs
Losses – the amount that an investor loses in his capital when he sells stocks at price lower than his average costs
Stock Split – when a company divides its shares according to a particular ratio, increasing the number of shares and lowering the price of each share (i.e. 1 share becomes 2 shares)
Reverse Stock Split – the opposite of stock split, when a company decides to combine its shares in a particular ratio to decrease number of shares and increase price (i.e. 2 shares become 1 share)
Most Active – most active stocks in a particular day in terms of volume traded
Top Gainers – list of stocks which had the largest increase in price in a particular day
Worst Losers – list of stocks which had the largest decrease in price in a particular day
Year to Date (YTD) – the period from the beginning of the year (January 1) to present
Investment Strategy – set of rules and behaviors an investor practices towards his investment portfolio
Peso Cost Averaging – an investment strategy where you put the same amount of money into a particular stock in a regular schedule to get a lower average cost
Value Investing – an investment strategy where investors look for undervalued stocks
Growth Investing – an investment strategy where investors look for companies which have a high growth potential
Margin – the equity value an investor has in his account/portfolio
Average Down – buying additional shares of a stock for a price that is lower than your current average cost
Long Position – A “long” or “long position” is the buying of a security such as a stock, commodity or currency with the expectation that the asset will rise in value.
Short Position – A “short”, “short position”, or “short selling” is a trading strategy where the investor sells shares of borrowed stock in the open market. The expectation of the investor is that the price of the stock will decrease over time, at which point the he will purchase the shares to replace those that he initially borrowed.
MARKET STATUSES
Pre-Open Period – trading participants can modify and cancel existing orders or enter new orders
Pre-Open No-Cancel Period – trading participants may enter new orders but may not modify or cancel open orders
Opening Period – opening prices are calculated during this period
Continuous Trading – the period where trading participants’ orders are matched and may enter, cancel, and edit orders
Market Recess – the period where trading-related activities are halted
Pre-Close Period – indicates the last two minutes to open new orders but can’t cancel or modify orders
Run-off Period – trading participants can still enter limit and market orders but matching for both is executed at the closing price of the stock
ORDER TERMS
Stock Order – a request to either buy or sell a stock
Normal Orders – orders which follow the normal board lot
Oddlot Orders – orders which are less than the minimum board lot
Good to Day (GTD) – an option in ordering where your order will expire at the end of trading day when not fulfilled
Good to Week (GTW) – an option in ordering where your order will last for a week
Good to Month (GTM) – an option in ordering where your order will last for a month
Good to Cancel (GTC) – an option in ordering where your order will last until you cancel
ORDER TYPES
Market Order – these are buy and sell orders that transacts the current bid and ask prices
Limit Order – this type of order allows you to set the price you’re willing to buy or sell a stock far from the current prices
Iceberg Orders– allows you to hide a portion of the volume of your order
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS
Fundamental Analysis – a method of stock market analysis that evaluates the economic and financial factors affecting the intrinsic value of a company
Intrinsic Value – the actual and true value of the company based on all aspects of its businesses
Overvalued – when the current price or market value of the stock is higher than its intrinsic value or the average industry price-to-earnings ratio
Undervalued – when the current price or market value of the stock is below its intrinsic value or the average industry price-to-earnings ratio
Income Statement – provides an overview of revenues, expenses and net income
Balance Sheet – provides an overview of assets, liabilities and equity
Statement of Cash Flows – traces the company’s cash movement from operating, investing and financial activities
Financial Ratios – ratios derived from the financial statements of the companies which are used for evaluating the overall condition of its company performance
Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) – measures the current price of a stock over its company earnings per share, the lower the better
Earnings per Share (EPS) – company earnings for the year divided by the number of shares
Leverage – borrowed capital or loans used to fund company activities
Debt Ratio – the total debt of the company divided by its total assets, the lower the better
Debt-to-Equity Ratio or Leverage Ratio – a company’s debts divided by the value of its equity (based on preferred and common stocks)
Dividend Payout Ratio – the dividends paid divided by the company’s net income
Dividend Yield – the percentage of dividends declared in relation to the stock’s current price
Par Value per Share – the price of the stock during its Initial Public Offering (IPO)
Book Value per Share – the value of the stock in the company’s books (total equity divided by number of shares)
Price to Book Value Ratio – the ratio used to compare company’s current price or market value to its book value, the lower the better
Sector – a subsection in the exchange of companies that share similar characteristics in operation
Sub-sector – a subset of a sector of a group of stocks that have the most similarities in terms of operation
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
Technical Analysis – a method of stock market analysis that uses past data and statistics to predict future movements in the market
Trend – the general direction of a market, a stock, or the price of an asset based on a chart of its historical value
Uptrend – when price movements consistently reach higher highs and higher lows
Downtrend – when price movements consistently reach lower highs and lower lows
Sideways – when the price of a stock moves in a generally flat manner
Chart – a visual summary of a stock’s prices within a certain period
Open – the first price at which a stock is sold for a particular day
High – the highest price at which a stock is sold for a particular day
Low – the lowest price at which a stock is sold for a particular day
Close – the last price at which a stock is sold for a particular day
Volume – the number of shares that are bought and sold on a particular day
Value Traded – volume multiplied by the price that investors have paid for a stock
Indicators/Oscillators – measurements that investors use to anticipate price movements, momentum, and other behaviors of a particular stock or market
Support – a price level at which, historically, a stock has had difficulty falling below
Resistance – a price level which historically, a stock has had difficulty breaking above
Breakdown – a situation where the price falls below the support level
Breakout – a situation where the price rises above the resistance level
Reversal – the change of a price level from resistance/support to support/resistance after a breakout/breakdown
Cut Loss/Stop Loss – realizing or actualizing your loss by selling the stock to save you from a bigger loss
Bottom-Picking– the act of buying a stock with the anticipation that it has bottomed out from its downtrend
Divergence – this happens when a technical indicator and price action are headed into opposite directions
Bullish Divergence – a signal that indicates an impending upward move
Bullish Signal – signal that is given by a technical indicator that indicates a possible bullish move
Bearish Divergence – a signal that indicates an impending downward move
Bearish Signal – a signal that is given by a technical indicator that indicates a possible bearish move
Volatility– the proportion or rate wherein the price of a stock is increasing or decreasing
Confluence – this occurs when multiple indicators or strategies share the same sentiment/bias
Insider Trading – this is done by someone who has non-disclosed, nonpublic information about a company and trades its shares based on it
Rally – a period of continuous surges, whether downward or upward, in price
Parabolic Move – an upward movement in price where it moves in the manner of a parabola
Oversold – a reading made by a technical indicator that indicates that it’s below its period’s “true” value
Overbought – a reading made by a technical indicator that indicates that it’s above its period’s “true” value
Momentum – the rate of the acceleration of a stock’s price
Momentum Trading – the method of buying a stock while there’s buying pressure from other investors or traders
Range Trading – a strategy where a trader buys at support and sells at resistance during a sideways movement
Target Price (TP) – the price point where you plan to sell a position
Time Stop – a way to sell a stock when it isn’t moving within your bias in a specified time
Trail Stop – an amount below the current trading price of a stock that you plan to sell it for a profit
Tranche Buying – the action of buying a stock in portions
Tranche Selling – the action of selling a stock in portions
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Paano ba gumagana yung stock market? Paano magsimula mag-invest sa stocks at paano kumita dito? Ito ang mga pinaka-karaniwang tanong na natatanggap nami araw-araw. Sa artikulong ito susubukan namin sagutin ang mga tanong na iyon at ipapaliwanag rin naming kung paano ka pwedeng magsimula mag-trade ng stocks.
Magsimula tayo sa mga pinaka-importanteng konsepto.
Unang-una, paano nga ba gumagana ang isang market? Intindihin natin ito gamit ng pinaka-simpleng halimbawa ng market: ang palengke.
Sa palengke, may mga nagbebenta at bumibili ng mga gulay, prutas, bigas, at iba pang mga kasangkapan natin sa pang-araw-araw. Parang ganito rin ang stock market, pero imbes na mga produkto, mga kumpanya ang binibili at binebenta—oo, mga kumpanya! Sa stock market, pwede ka maging isa sa mga may-ari ng mga kumpanya tulad ng PLDT, Jollibee, Ayala Land, Meralco at iba pa.
Nagtataka ka siguro kung paano makabibili ng ganyan kalaking kumpanya ang isang karaniwang Pilipino. Di ba mahal ang mga kumpanyang iyan? Ang sagot: oo naman! Pero iyan ang dahilan kung bakit hinahati-hati ang mga kumpanyang ito bago ibenta. Tulad ng isang pizza na hinihiwa para maging mas madali kainin, ang mga kumpanya rin ay hinahat-hati sa tinatawag na shares para mas madali bilhin. Kung gaano karaming shares ang mabili mo, ganoon rin karami ang porsiyento ng kumpanya na pagmamay-ari mo.
Halimbawa, kapag isang kumpanya ay hinati sa 10 milyon na shares tapos 1 milyon dito ang hawak mo, ikaw ang may-ari ng 10% ng kumpanyang iyon. Galing noh?
Pero bakit ba nagbebenta ng mga shares ang mga kumpanyang ‘to? Bakit nila kailangan ang pera natin? Ang sagot dito ay dahil minsan kinakailangan nila ng karagdagang pera para palakihin ang negosyo nila. Kung gusto nila gumawa ng bagong produkto o magtayo ng isa pang pagawaan, malaking halaga ng pera ang kakailanganin nila. Kahit malaking kumpanya, nahihirapan pa rin makakuha ng ganoon karaming pera ng mabilisan, kaya imbes na maghintay pa sila ng ilang taon nagbebenta nalang sila ng shares sa stock market. Ibig sabihin nito na kapag bumili ka ng shares ng isang kumpanya, binibigyan mo sila ng pera para palaguhin ang negosyo nila.
Edi paano nga ba kumita sa stock market?
Kapag nakabili ka na ng mga shares o stocks, maaari kang kumita sa dalawang paraan: sa pagtaas ng presyo o sa pagtanggap ng sinasabing dividends.
1. Kita sa pamamagitan ng pagtaas ng presyo
Kapag nakabili ka na ng mga shares ng isang kumpanya, maaaring tumaas o bumaba ang market value o presyo ng mga shares na ito. Depende nalang kung mas marami ang gustong bumili o magbenta ng mga shares na iyon. Ito ang konsepto ng supply and demand.
Halimbawa, kung nalaman ng mga tao na malaki ang kinikita nung kumpanya o kaya maglalabas sila ng bagong produkto, mas maraming tao ang magiging interestado bumili ng shares ng kumpanyang iyon. Kapag mas marami ang mga gustong bumili nung stock pero konti lang ang gustong magbenta, tataas ang presyo dahil mas malaki ang demand kaysa sa supply.
Kung mas marami naman ang gusto magbenta nung stock pero konti lang yung gustong bumili, pwede rin mangyari ang kabaligtaran—bababa yung presyo dahil mas maraming supply kaysa sa demand. Maraming posibleng dahilan para rito, tulad ng mahinang benta, sumabog na pabrika, o kung anumang problema sa negosyo.
Maraming iba’t ibang bagay ang pwedeng makaapekto sa supply at demand. Dahil konektado ang buong mundo, maaaring apektuhan din ng pangyayari sa ibang bansa ang ating ekonomiya, pati na rin ang presyo ng mga stocks sa Philippine Stock Exchange.
Para kumita sa pamamagitan ng pagtaas ng presyo o price appreciation, kailangan marunong kang pumili ng mga stocks na tataas ang presyo. Kailangan marunong ka rin magbenta bago bumaba ang presyo nito. Mahirap man matuto kung paano gawin ito, kapakipakinabang pa rin kasi kapag marunong ka na, walang limitasyon sa mga oportunidad kumita.
2. Kita sa pamamagitan ng dividends
Ang isa pang paraan upang kumita sa stock market ay sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggap ng dividends. Dividends ang tawag sa bahagi ng kita ng kumpanya na binibigay sa mga shareholder o yung mga may-ari ng shares ng kumpanya. Depende nalang sa patakaran ng bawat kumpanya kung gaano karami at gaano kadalas ang pamamahagi nila ng dividends.
Mas simple ito kumpara sa price appreciation, pero wala ka masyadong kontrol sa kita mo. Nakadepende ka lang sa kumpanya. Kung ayaw mo nang masyadong aralin ang supply at demand sa market, pwede ka naman bumili ng shares sa mga kumpanya na madalas magbigay ng dividends. Ok rin ito kasi di mo na kailangan magsikap masyado pero may kikitain ka rin kahit papano.
Interesado ka ba? Eto ang mga kailangan mo gawin para magsimula.
Unang-una, alamin mo kung ano ang pinapasukan mo.
Totoo nga na pwede ka kumita sa stock market, pero pwede ka rin malugi kung di mo alam ang ginagawa mo. Tulad ng pagguhit o pagtugtog ng instrumento, kasanayan din ang stock trading. Huwang mong iisipin na kikita ka lang ng basta-basta kaagad, lalo na kung nagsisimula ka palang. Kakailanganin mong matuto at magsanay para gumaling sa stock trading, kaya huwag kang magtapon lang ng pera. Aralin mo kung paano ang tamang proseso. Hindi sugarol ang mga stock trader.
Kung gusto mo magpraktis pero ayaw mo pa gumamit ng totoong pera, pwede mo muna gamitin ang virtual trading platform namin. Gamit ng platform na ito, pwede mong masubukan ang pagbili at pagbenta ng stocks, pmamahala ng sariling portfolio, at pagsunod sa mga pagtaas at pagbaba ng presyo sa Philippine Stock Exchange—ng walang ipinagbabakasakali na pera. Dito mo mararanasan kung paano nga ba talaga kumita gamit ng stocks, at masasabi mo na rin kung gusto mo tumuloy sa paggamit ng tunay na pera o kung mas bagay sa iyo ang ibang klaseng investments.
Ok rin ang stock market kung gusto mong palakihin ang puhunan mo ng mabilisan, pero di lang naman ito ang nag-iisang opsyon mo. Alamin muna kung ano ng pinapasukan mo bago mo gamitin ang pinaghirapan mong pera.
Pangalawa, maghanap ng stock broker.
Kapag sigurado ka nang gusto mo mag-stocks, ang susunod na kailangan mong gawin ay maghanap ng stock broker. Stock broker o broker ang tawag sa mga tao at institusyon na mayroong lisensya bumili at magbenta ng stocks sa Philippine Stock Exchange. Kung gusto mo maging stock trader, kailangan mo maghanap ng broker na mamimili at magbebenta ng stocks para sa iyo.
Mayroong dalawang uri ng broker: ang mga traditional brokers at mga online brokers.
1. Traditional Brokers Kadalasan, ang mga traditional brokers ay mga tao na tinatawagan o kaya tinetext kapag gusto mo bumili o magbenta ng stocks. Dahil sa teknolohiya ngayon, karamihan ng mga broker pwede na rin makausap sa Facebook, Viber, at iba pang mga apps. Ito ang karaniwang gamit ng mga taong abala sa trabaho at nangangailangan ng gabay ng isang propesyonal.
2. Online Brokers Sa online broker naman, kadalasan ito yung mga institusyon na mayroon lang website kung saan pwede ka bumili at magbenta ng stocks para sa sarili mo. Wala ka nang kakausaping tao, sa halip ay pupuntahan mo lang yung website nila at pwede ka nang bumili at magbenta ng stocks. Ito ang karaniwang ginagamit ng mga aktibong trader dahil mas mababa ang bayad sa broker at mas mabilis ang mga transaksyon. Ok ito kung gusto mong matuto talaga o kaya naman kung alam mo na ang gagawin mo. Wala nga lang magpapayo sa iyo kaya kailangan may kaalaman ka na talaga sa stocks.
Pangatlo, magbukas ng account.
Kapag nakapili ka na ng stock broker, kakailanganin mong magbukas ng account sa kanila. Iba-iba rin ang mga pangangailangan depende sa broker, pero iilan lang naman ang mga hinihingi ng karamihan sa kanila:
1. Aplikasyon na naisagot ng maayos (maaari niyo hingiin ito sa opisina nila o kaya sa website nila)
2. Dalawang government ID tulad ng passport o driver’s license
3. Iyong Tax Identification Number (TIN)
Kapag naipasa mon a lahat ng mga ito, hintayin mo lang yung pag-apruba ng account at pagkatapos ay ideposito ang puhunan sa kanila.
Pang-apat, simulan na ang pagtrade!
Kapag nadeposito mo na yung puhunan sa iyong napiling broker, pwede ka na bumili at magbenta ng mga stocks! Alalahanin lamang na di nito ibig sabihin na kikita ka kaagad ng maraming pera. Kung nasubukan mo na yung virtual trading platform namin, alam mo nang kailangan ng oras at sikap kung gusto mo kumite sa stocks. Kailangan mo aralin yung market, tutunan ang tamag pag-diskarte, at tuluyang pagtibayin ang sarili kung gusto mo magtagumpay. Habang tumatagal ka sa stock market, lalo mong maiintindihan ang sarili mo at ang trading style na bagay sa iyo.
Per huwag ka hihinto doon!
Marami na tayong napag-usapan dito, pero palaging may higit pang pwedeng matututunan. Maraming iba’t ibang paraan para mag-invest, kumita, at magtagumpay sa stock market.
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